On May 28, 1957, agents observed a man resembling Mark on a bench in a park directly opposite the entrance to 252 Fulton Street. He moved to Russia in the 1920s, and served in the Soviet military before undertaking foreign service as a radio operator in Soviet intelligence in the late 1920s and early 30s. From Los Angeles came a peculiar-looking 1953 Lincoln penny. Powers returned to the United States and wrote of his view of Francis Gary Powers, (born August 17, 1929, Jenkins, Kentucky, U.S.died August 1, 1977, Encino, California), pilot who was captured on May 1, 1960, while on a reconnaissance flight deep inside the Soviet . There is absolutely no doubt about it. We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back. He returned to the Soviet Union in 1936, as head of a school that trained radio operators destined for duty in illegal residences. On July 3, 1951, Hayhanenthen living in Turku, Finlandvisited the United States Legation in Helsinki. [9] As Heinrich Fisher had served a sentence for offenses against the Russian Imperial Crown, he was forced to flee to the United Kingdom in 1901,[10] the alternative being deportation to Germany or imprisonment in Russia for avoidance of military service. His helper, deployed to the USA began to demonstrate signs of instability and nervousness. In 2008, Yuri Linkevich shot the documentary "Unknown Abel". His real identity and country of birth were only revealed after his death. A few Western correspondents were invited there to view for themselves the true identity of the spy who never "broke". 2/9/2021, 7:27:06 PM. [27] Kayotis had applied for and received a visa to visit the Soviet Union. Investigation was to establish that the Emil Goldfus whose birth certificate Mark displayed had died in infancy. The agents long hours of patience were rewarded on the night of June 13, 1957. However, prior to opening the coin Hyhnen had misplaced it, either buying a newspaper with it or using it as a subway token. Fisher, or "Rudolf Ivanovich Abel", was to serve his sentence (as prisoner 80016A)[64] at Atlanta Federal Penitentiary, Georgia. He was sent to the federal penitentiary in Atlanta, Georgia. Donovan successfully argued against the death penalty for "Colonel Abel" by suggesting he could be used for a future prisoner exchange with the Soviet Union. Following his return to Russia what happened to Rudolf Abel? While it is not known for certain where Fisher went or what he did, it is believed he travelled to Santa Fe, New Mexico, the collection point for stolen diagrams from the Manhattan Project. In exchange for asylum, he promised CIA agents he could help expose a major Soviet spy network in the United States and identify its director. During this period, he was most cautious to avoid suspicion or attracting attention to himselfhis Soviet superiors wanting him to become established as an ordinary, hard-working citizen. The proprietors of novelty stores and related business establishments in the New York vicinity were contacted. He refused to cooperate at all. From New York came a half dollar which had been ground in such a manner that smaller coins could be concealed under it. spies," is based on the story of rudolf abel, arrested in new york city, convicted, and exchanged for u.s. biplane pilot. And, when Mikhail dropped from the scene in 1954, Hayhanen was turned over to another Russian spy, one known only as Mark. Hayhanen felt that Mark undoubtedly was still actively engaged in espionage within the United States! Prior to his departure, Hyhnen returned to Bear Mountain Park and retrieved the buried $5,000 for his own use. [43][45] Hyhnen arrived in Paris on May Day, having sailed from the U.S. aboard La Libert. Even his wife knew him only as Eugene Maki, so carefully did he cover his previous life. Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads, Name: Rudolf Abel, Birth Year: 1903, Birth date: July 11, 1903, Birth City: Newcastle Upon Tyne, Birth Country: England. Shortly afterwards Fisher was ordered to reactivate the "Volunteer" network to smuggle atomic secrets to Russia. The key to this mystery proved to be a 36-year-old Lieutenant Colonel of the Soviet State Security Service (KGB). She was to join him in the United States on February 20, 1953four months after his arrival here. [37], After arriving in New York, Hyhnen spent the next two years establishing his identity. Yes, they remembered Jimmy; but, if either had given him a hollow nickel, it was entirely unintentional. [15][16] Though Fisher qualified for university, the costs prohibited him from attending. He also must be identified. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. The Mystery Novelist Who Committed a Real Murder, Boston Marathon Bombings Survivors, 10 Years Later, A Complete Timeline of Adnan Syeds Trial, Release, The Siege at Waco, In the Words of Who Was There, Ted Bundy Maybe Murdered Dozens More than We Knew, How Waco Inspired Timothy McVeighs OKC Bombing. I left Estonia for Finland in June 1943, and have resided here for the reason that I have no funds with which to pay my transportation to the United States.. of american history tv, the brooklyn historical society host several experts on the trial. There were two ladies in the apartment across from the one occupied by Jimmys customer. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. One of the coins seemed to have a peculiar ring. Goldfus disappeared about April 26, 1957. Verified questions. They immediately noted that it bore a great similarity to the Jefferson nickel which the Brooklyn newsboy had discovered in 1953. Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. Site contains certain content that is owned A&E Television Networks, LLC. Abel v. United States. In Abel v. United States, the United States Supreme Court upheld his conviction by a vote of 5-4. [37] Fisher was disturbed by Hyhnen's lack of work ethics and his obsession with alcohol. The microfilm bore a typewritten message which identified Quebec as Army sergeant Roy Rhodes and stated the Soviet agents had recruited him in January 1952. FOR ORGANIZATION OF COVER, WE GAVE INSTRUCTIONS TO TRANSMIT TO YOU THREE THOUSAND IN LOCAL (CURRENCY). Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Thus, 1957 agents confront Rudolf Abel and He intends to shred the note. They could shed no light on the case. There was five digits in each number and 21 numbers in most columns. 2023, A&E Television Networks, LLC. He admitted his first Soviet contact in New York had been "MIKHAIL" and upon being shown a series of photographs of Soviet officials identified "MIKHAIL" as Mikhail Svirin. Rudolf Abel was arrested while undercover in the U.S. Finally, Powers and Abel were waved forward and crossed the border into freedom at the same moment8:52 a.m., Berlin time. The myth of the master spy Rudolf Abel replaced the reality of Fisher's illegal residency, even as the party hierarchy was well aware that Fisher had achieved nothing of real significance. Hayhanen became a respected expert in Finnish intelligence matters and in May 1943 was accepted into membership in the Soviet Communist Party. He appeared before Judge Mortimer W. Byers on November 15, 1957 and was sentenced as follows (the three sentences to be served concurrently): Colonel Abel appealed his convictions, claiming that rights guaranteed to him under the Constitution and laws of the United States had been violated. On February 10, 1962, American spy pilot Francis Gary Powers is released by the Soviets in exchange for Soviet Colonel Rudolf Abel, a senior KGB spy who was caught in the United States five years earlier. The Hollow Nickel Case (or the Hollow Coin) was the FBI investigation that grew out of the discovery of a container disguised as a U.S. coin and containing a coded message, eventually found to concern espionage activities of William August Fisher ( a.k.a. THE PACKAGE WAS DELIVERED TO YOUR WIFE PERSONALLY. One of the nations most fascinatingand ultimately significantspy cases began in the summer of 1953, when a Brooklyn newspaper boy dropped a nickel he had just earned. In October 1948, using a Soviet passport, he travelled from Leningradsky Station to Warsaw. The real Andrew Kayotis was Lithuanian born and had become an American citizen after migrating to the United States. Several weeks before he departed for America, Hayhanen was recalled to Moscow and introduced to a Soviet agent, Mikhail, who was to serve as his espionage superior in this country. [30] Fisher spent most of his first year organizing his network. What happened to Rudolf Abel? In keeping with instructions contained in a message he received from Soviet officials, Hayhanen was met by Mark at a movie theater in Flushing, Long Island, during the late summer of 1954. In the R of the word TRUST, there was a tiny holeobviously drilled there so that a fine needle or other small instrument could be inserted to force the nickel open. The FBI first became aware of Abel's activities in 1953, when Abel's incompetent junior colleague Reino Hayhanen carelessly spent a hollow nickel that ended up in the hands of a paperboy. Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan and Matt Mullen. Another was the base of a lamp post in Fort Tryon Park. Theodore "Ted" Hall (codenamed "MLAD"), a physicist, was the most important agent in the network in 1945, passing atomic secrets from Los Alamos. Biography and associated logos are trademarks of A+E Networksprotected in the US and other countries around the globe. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. He wanted to defectto desert the Soviet camp. In the intelligence and counterintelligence field, patience is more than a virtue. Sorry, Jimmy, she said. In order to establish contact with Mikhail in the United States, Hayhanen was instructed that after arriving in New York he should go to the Tavern on the Green in Central Park. Sudoplatov later described this operation as "the most successful radio deception game of the war". The bolt was found on May 15, 1957. Conspiracy to transmit defense information to the Soviet Union 30 years imprisonment; Conspiracy to obtain defense information 10 years imprisonment; Conspiracy to act in the United States as an agent of a foreign government without notification to the Secretary of State 5 years imprisonment. In 1962, he was released to the Soviet Union in exchange for captured U.S. pilot Francis Gary Powers. Two days later, on June 24, 1953, during a discussion of another investigation, a detective of the New York City Police Department told an FBI agent about the strange hollow nickel which, he had heard, was discovered by a Brooklyn youth. Who Is Suspected Pentagon Leaker Jack Teixeira? Upon his return to New York in 1956, he found that his carefully constructed network had been left to disintegrate in his absence. Then, in the summer of 1949, he entered Finland as Eugene Nicolai Maki, an American-born laborer. FBI Laboratory experts examined this Finnish coin on May 17, 1957. Thats Mikhail.. In Washington, each effort to decipher the microphotograph met with failure. His codename was "MARK". On February 10, 1962, Rudolf Invanovich Abel was exchanged for the American U-2 pilot, Francis Gary Powers, who was a prisoner of the Soviet Union. For example, during the fall of 1948, while en route to the United States from the Soviet Union, he had adopted the identity of Andrew Kayotis. The Soviet intelligence service had a new assignment for Hayhanenone which would require him to sever relations with his family, to study the English language, and to receive special training in photographing documents, as well as to encode and decode messages. Is time wrong? All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. Following his arrival in New York on May 10, 1957, Hayhanen was given a thorough physical examination, suitable quarters were found for him, and arrangements were made for him to be interviewed by FBI agents. In 1948, the KGB had called Hyhnen to Moscow where they issued him a new assignment. [4] He served just over four years of his sentence before he was exchanged for captured American U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers. The reverse side had been made from another nickelone minted sometime during the period of 1942 to 1945. [21] During his interview with the OGPU, it was determined he should adopt a Russian-sounding name and William August Fisher became Vilyam Genrikhovich Fisher. [26] His new passport bore the name Andrew Kayotis, the first of Fisher's false identities. In his studio, FBI investigators found a hollow pencil used for concealing messages, a shaving brush containing microfilm, a code book, and radio transmitting equipment. The man who became one of the Soviet Union's greatest spies told the orderly that he was born and reared in England and that his father was an agitator in the British labor movement of the early 1900s. Although the FBI was convinced that it had finally identified the Soviet espionage apparatus which was responsible for the hollow Jefferson nickel, only one half of the mystery posed by this coin since its discovery in June 1953 had been solved. Mark made another admissionthat he was a Russian citizen, Rudolf Ivanovich Abel, born July 2, 1902 in the Soviet Union. And both coins had a small hole in one printed letter so that a sharp-pointed instrument, such as a needle, could be used to open them. [56][57] Also discovered were photographs of the Cohens and recognition phrases to establish contact between agents who had never met before. Upon opening the coin a square of microfilm was revealed. [32] Fisher was relieved when the Rosenbergs did not disclose any information about him to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), but the arrests heralded a bleak outlook for his new spy network. In 1970, he published a book, Operation Overflight, about the incident and in 1977 was killed in the crash of a helicopter that he flew as a reporter for a Los Angeles television station. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. On June 21, 1957, he was arrested by the FBI, and on October 25, 1957, a federal district court in Brooklyn found him guilty of espionage, relying in part on testimony by Soviet Lieutenant Colonel Reino Hayhanen, who had defected to the West and who stated that he had been Abel's chief coconspirator in the United States. When the New York detective contacted him, Jimmy handed over the hollow nickel and the photograph it contained. In 1948, he slipped across the Canadian border into the United States, where he set about reorganizing the Soviet spy network. After serving four years of a 30-year sentence in an Atlanta, Georgia, prison, Rudolf Abel was traded to the Soviet Union for American pilot Francis Gary Powers, who had been shot down in a U-2 spy plane over Russia. To exchange messages and intelligence data, they used dead dropsinconspicuous hiding placesin the New York area. In 1957, Reino Hayhanen, a lieutenant colonel in the KGB, walked into the American embassy in Paris and announced his intention to defect to the West. Using this passport, he sailed October 16, 1952 from Southhampton, England aboard the Queen Mary and arrived at New York City on October 21, 1952. The name "Rudolf Ivanovich Abel" was that of a deceased friend and a KGB colonel; Fisher knew as soon as The Centre saw the name Abel on the front pages of American newspapers they would realize he had been captured. [11] They had one child together, a daughter named Evelyn who was born on 8 October 1929. Soviet agent Rudolf Ivanovich Abel sent and received coded messages that were hidden inside such things as hollow U.S. coins, bolts, and batteries. At 6:50 p.m., this man departed on footthe agents, certain their presence had not been detected, chose to wait rather than take a chance of trailing the wrong man. They contained shortwave radios, cipher pads, cameras and film for producing microdots, a hollow shaving brush, cuff links, and numerous other trick containers. [45] Escape was complicated because, if "MARK" had been compromised by Hyhnen, Fisher's other identities could have been compromised as well. I dont have any change. 27. Donovan is widely known for negotiating the 1960-1962 exchange of captured American U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers and American student Frederic Pryor for Soviet spy Rudolf Abel, and for negotiating the 1962 release and return of 9,703 prisoners held by Cuba after the failed Bay of Pigs Invasion. Rudolf Ivanovich Abel. Rudolf Ivanovich Abel ( Russian: ), real name William August Fisher (11 July 1903 - 15 November 1971), was a Soviet intelligence officer. In 1962, he was. He was tried in a federal court in Brooklyn and in October was found guilty on three counts of espionage and sentenced to 30 years imprisonment. In Warsaw, he discarded his Soviet passport and using a U.S. passport travelled via Czechoslovakia and Switzerland to Paris. On May 16, 1957, FBI agents showed a group of photographs to Hayhanen. Hayhanen was born near Leningrad on May 14, 1920. Rudolph Abel Exchange For Garry Powers (1962) Watch on. He died in 1971. However, Hyhnen performed his duties poorly, and when he was recalled to the Soviet Union in 1957, he instead fled to the U.S. Embassy in Paris and revealed his secrets. [59] The Brooklyn Bar Association approached several prominent trial lawyers with political ambitions, all of whom declined the case. The Lord respected Abel's sacrifice but did not respect that offered by Cain. Investigation in Detroit disclosed that several persons there considered Kayotis to be in poor physical condition at the time of his departure from the United States. Less than three weeks later, acting on Hyhnen's information, surveillance was established near Fisher's photo studio. In September 1939, Hayhanen was appointed to the primary school faculty in the Village of Lipitzi. In about 1948 he illegally entered the United States and, under the name of Emil R. Goldfus, lived for some time as an artist and photographer in a Brooklyn studio apartment, where he concealed shortwave-radio transmitting and receiving equipment. On June 15, a photograph of Goldfus which the FBI took with a hidden camera was shown to Hayhanen. Abel, in the Old Testament, second son of Adam and Eve, who was slain by his older brother, Cain (Genesis 4:1-16). Afterward, Fisher sent Donovan two rare manuscripts as a show of his appreciation. Subtract. You can navigate days by using left and right arrows. His primary objective was to identify anti-Soviet elements among the intelligentsia. Kitty Harris, a former pupil of Fisher's, had spent a year in Santa Fe during the war, where she passed secrets from physicists to couriers. [27] The only visitors to Fisher's studio were artist friends with whom he felt safe from suspicion. Svirin, however, had returned to Moscow two years previously. Fisher decided that he would not turn traitor as Hyhnen had done because he still trusted the KGB and he knew that if he cooperated with the FBI, he would not see his wife and daughter again. The newsboy accidentally dropped the nickel and it broke in half, revealing a microphotograph containing a series of numbers. Fisher, or "Rudolf Ivanovich Abel", was to serve his sentence (as prisoner 80016-A) at Atlanta Federal Penitentiary, Georgia. What sentence does Francis Gary Powers receive from the Soviet Court? [6], Fisher and his brother, Henry,[11] won scholarships to Whitley Bay High School and Monkseaton High School. His son, born in England and going to Russia with his father, joined the Soviet intelligence and security agency GPU (the predecessor of the KGB) in 1927 and operated in western European countries and the Soviet Union in the next two decades. It was the archetypal Cold War tale - an undercover operative arrested after his. Analyze the following to determine if a market failure or a government failure is being described. Why, weve never seen a hollow coinor, for that matter, even heard of one before.. During the Cold War, Soviet spies worked together in the United States without revealing their names or addresses to each other, a precaution in the event that one was caught or, like Hayhanen, defected. In the modest home of Hayhanen and his wife on Dorislee Drive in Peekskill, New York, FBI agents found such items as a 50 Markka coin from Finland. Abel returned to Moscow, where he was forced into retirement by the KGB, who feared that during his five years of captivity U.S. authorities had convinced him to become a double agent. [33][34][35] The thumbtack signaled to Fisher that Hyhnen, his new assistant, had arrived. . After decorated service as an intelligence operative during World War II, Abel assumed a false identity and entered an East German refugee camp where he successfully applied for the right to immigrate to Canada. Join him in the New York came a peculiar-looking 1953 Lincoln penny his wife knew him only as Maki... Tale - an undercover operative arrested after his broke '' membership in the apartment across the. Lieutenant Colonel of the spy who never `` broke '' July 2, 1902 in the United.! Were rewarded on the night of June 13, 1957 Powers ( 1962 ) Watch on June,! 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