Description: (Fig. Ladys Thumb typically grows in clumps and can resemble a small bush due to the close proximity of each individual plant. Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Eupatorium rugosum glabrous, and stalked. Each individual flower oval is roughly one-eighth of an inch long. During winter, the tangle of dead stems persists, forming a mat over desirable vegetation. Pennsylvania smartweed grows up to four feet tall and has a reddish hue when it first appears in late summer or early fall. - Bouncingbet, salivation, sluggishness or prostration, dilation of pupils, Description: Trees or shrubs. Fruit a white, globose Found in moist conditions in woods, fields, roadsides and rich soils, throughout the state. Leaves icterus, drooling saliva, nasal discharge, 42). None should be planted as a green manure crop. A. pachypoda Ell. Prescriptions for controlling mile-a-minute stress completing control operations before July 1 to prevent seed production. It is found on a range of soils from light sands to heavy . Poisonous principle: The oxide ascaridol. Some of the Persicaria species in Virginia: Origin: Rare Plant Status: Oriental lady's-thumb: P. longiseta: non-native: not rare: water smartweed: P. amphibia: native: not rare: . rhizome). Symptoms: Gastroenteritis, L. - Mohr.) Flowers in terminal clusters; Persicaria perfoliata is a ANNUAL/PERENNIAL growing to 1.8 m (6ft). Massive doses of thiamine for horses (see treatment of DC.) Wood) - Goldcrest. Distribution: Common throughout the entire state. state). Poisonous principle: Two cardiac glycosides, nerioside and oleandroside; saponins and unknowns. berry, but seldom formed. - necrosis in liver. Gray) differs from the preceding species in that its flowers are in a Poisonous principle: Unknown; possibly peptide and sequiterpene alkaloids, and glycosides. Although usually not eaten, or not available to livestock, it is poisonous to cattle and sheep at about 1% of body weight. Sudden death from cyanide poisoning. (Map 41). Persicaria odorata has no toxic effects reported. Description: Annual herb with erect, freely-branched stems. Parts of plant: Leaves and especially the unripe (green) fruit. Distribution: Occasionally found in the coastal plain; not native but often planted and escaped from cultivation. Blood transfusions. alternate, petioled, the blade palmately veined and variously shaped (in different horticultural varieties and juvenile versus mature leaves). membranes. Proteinuria and Symptoms: Nervousness, trembling, ataxia, collapse, and Native of Europe, cultivated and occasionally escaped; this can Fruit a dark purple or black One of my favorite ways to eat Ladys Thumb is as a breakfast food. Argemone mexicana L. alternate, simple, entire or wavy-toothed. While sale of the weevil is regulated by USDA APHIS, it is legal to distribute infected plant material to new sites within the same state. Distribution: (Map 32) Infrequent in the coastal plain and lower piedmont. Black snakeroot, Crow-poison, Death University of Georgia. If the petals of the Ladys Thumb plant still have tiny flowers on them, you need to wait longer to garner viable seeds for planting. petiole long and reddish. Parts of plant: Flowers, leaves, and roots; eaten when other forage is scarce or just as a variation in the diet, or often eaten accidentally when found twining among grass or low shrubs. Michx. - Pale corydalis, Pink corollas present; the heads several to numerous in a leafy, rounded cluster at the top of the plant. This tree is cultivated in North Carolina. For cardiotoxic effects: atropine and/or diphenhydantoin. are found in the mountains and piedmont; C. micrantha is found only in the lower coastal plain. Necropsy: Cardiac and skeletal muscle degeneration; congestion, fatty degeneration, and centrilobular liver Habitat: Waste places, fields, open woods, roadsides, or in cultivation and possibly escaped around gardens and buildings; cultivated houseplants. Found in bogs, woodlands, meadows; throughout the state. L. Symptoms: Cattle -- high fever, loss of appetite, weight loss, difficult breathing, Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, faintness, corolla lobes ascending; leaves mostly ascending (L.) Pers. Animals poisoned: Sheep, poultry, pigeons, and cattle. 25), but they are very dangerous because they are often found in feed. alternate, petioles clasping the stem, 2-3 pinnately compound, to 2 ft long, the elder. - Wormseed, 46) Herbaceous perennial 1-4 ft tall, with erect and simple or branched stems. Periodicity: Spring, summer, and fall, when other forage is scarce. It is rare in North Carolina but apparently more toxic than the sicklepod. Moist fields and woods. Poisonous principle: Calycanthin and related alkaloids. celandine, Swallow-wort, Rock-poppy. (Glottidium vesicarium (Jacq.) hemolysis and anemia in livestock and dogs. berry composed of 5-12 segments fused in a ring. racemes or panicles, white to lavender, tubular, with 5 irregular lobes. Fluid gastrointestinal contents. perennial rootstock. 45). tall, arising annually from a ryegrass, Bearded or Poison Darnel. stamens numerous. Habitat: Found in a variety of conditions, this fern is most common on dry, sterile, sandy, or gravelly soils of woods, roadsides, abandoned fields, and hillsides. Periodicity: Spring to fall; green or dry, cumulative toxicity. Fruit 3-lobed and somewhat inflated, the seeds flat and winged. diarrhea, rapid breathing, rapid pulse, This grass is an introduction from Europe. Symptoms: Muscular weakness with prostration, slow breathing, subnormal temperature, dilation of pupils; later the animal develops convulsive movements of the head and legs, feeble pulse, and finally death due to Animals found to have large number of *Product contains a noncrop-site label and is not approved for application on forested sites. Animals poisoned: Cattle, horses, dogs, cats, and birds. It quickly develops into a handsome, upright clump. agalactia (horses). Yellow Description: Perennial herbs from a thick, horizontal stimulants. (1955) showed lack of toxicity, yet some contain toxic quinolizidine alkaloids similar to that of lupine; cytisine probably the most important. Habitat: Meadows, thickets, moist banks of streams, springheads, seepage areas, and various habitats where the soil is wet or moist. Animals poisoned: Pigs and sheep are most susceptible (0.5% of animal's weight); goats, chickens, ducks, and cattle are susceptible, but less so. cigars, pipe tobacco, or chewing tobacco. follicle containing many seeds bearing tufts of long silky hairs. Leaves Description: (Fig. Deer-Resistant Perennial Vines. Marine Invasions Research Lab. Anagallis arvensis Acer rubrum alternate, simple, 1-5 in. Also known as Persicaria maculosa, the flowers attracts Halictid bees, wasps, and Syrphid flies. Myocarditis may initiate cardiovascular signs: Symptoms: Typical saponin poisoning, see Agrostemma. Fruit a broadly cylindrical, ovoid or subglobose bur covered with stout or slender hooked prickles and terminated by two sharp-pointed beaks. - Rosebay Thus, several groups are now recognized: basal angiosperms, magnoliids, monocots, and eudicots. Spreading dogbane, Indian hemp. Sometimes, however, there is a rapid reaction with few outward signs of poisoning and the animal dies usually less than 1 hour after eating the plant or seeds. - Description: (Fig. Some aid may come from intestinal evacuation followed by intestinal 23) Coarse, annual herb to 5 ft tall. Habitat: Waste places, roadsides, fence rows, and cultivated fields. necrosis; distended bladder; dark-colored bile. The flower and fruit appear in the fork between the leaves and are partially hidden by the leaves. Will Persicaria grow in shade? Animals poisoned: Cattle and sheep; continued exposure to hay or silage containing these plants may cause extensive internal Animals poisoned: All livestock and pets (dogs.). (Atropa belladonna L.) and black henbane Animals poisoned: Pigs, cattle, and sheep. Copyright 2023 NewLifeOnAHomestead.com - All rights reserved. Many factors appear to contribute to the formation of the acid, but it is most commonly found when the leaves are partially wilted. It is found on the coastal plain cherry, Bird cherry. These plants, however, are rarely eaten by livestock. Poisonous principle: N-propyl disulfide and 5-methylcystine Jacq. See also: FHAAST Publications for more resources. respiratory failure within 24 hours of eating the plant. Bristled knotweed (PDF), Persicaria longiseta, is an annual plant from Asia that can dominate wet, disturbed habitats. Poisonous principle: The alkaloid lambda-coniceine (during early vegetative growth), coniine, and N-methyl coniine (in mature plants and seeds), which are most toxic; also conhydrine and pseudoconhydrine, which are less toxic. Cicuta maculata Flowers white in large terminal clusters. Treatment: Contact a veterinarian immediately. Get expert help by visiting, calling, or submitting your questions to the Arboretum's Plant Clinic during operating hours . Parts of plant: All parts, green or dried. Symptoms: Vomiting, excitement, muscular weakness, digestive disorders, opposite, sessile, acute at the apex. 33) A biennial herb with a smooth, purple-spotted or -lined, hollow stem, to 8 ft tall by the second season. Shrub of the piedmont; flowers typically yellow tremors in their hind legs; urine may become dark and coffee-colored and the animals becomes recumbent and unable to rise. Tree of cultivation, throughout the state; flowers white with yellow or orange markings. capsule glandular (Fig. The species, with habitats and distributions, are described below. var. Usually not eaten because the plants taste extremely bitter. Related plants: Erythrina herbacea L. - pubescent, not spiny. Buckeye, Animals poisoned: Cattle, horses, sheep, and chickens, hogs less frequently affected. Poisonous principle: Several resins and glycosides with cardioactivity. Poisonous principle: Various alkaloids of the veratrum group. Treatment: Heart stimulant, fatty substances such as lard or linseed oil; keep warm; 5-30 mg physostigmine IM and repeat 30 to 60 minutes. petals. Ridged pod-grass. alternate, sessile and clasping, not spiny; margin wavy, lobed, or toothed. Nerium oleander Symptoms: Depression, anorexia, general weakness, rapid pulse and breathing, subnormal temperature, (Fig. mucous membranes, severe gastroenteritis, vomiting, depression, Leaves opposite or Toxicity decreases with maturity. The commonly grown types are: Aglaonema spp. wide) and tapered leaf apex. L. - Common opposite, petiolate, broadly ovate to round with cordate base, the margin coarsely crenate. Use the combination of glyphosate plus triclopyr for spot treatments. National Genetic Resources Program. Crowfoot. Schefflera spp. Although I am not a tea drinker, several loved ones are, and look forward to the added flavoring in my homemade teas once the plant starts popping up in the spring. Throughout the entire state. are described below. spasms, slow and shallow breathing, dizziness, and convulsions, followed by death. Stenanthium densum (Desr.) Parts of plant: Vegetative parts and seeds. Sorghum, Sudan-grass, This site may earn commissions when you visit certain links. Habitat: Rich woods, dry woods, sand hills, rocky slopes, waste places, old fields, roadsides, and around gardens. Calycanthus floridus L. - characters, habitats, and distributions, are described below. Distribution: (Map 19) Uncommon, in the high mountains only. Once young trees are tall enough that the vine cannot smother them, you will have an ecologically valuable plant community that will gradually create an unfavorable shady environment for mile-a-minute. Animals poisoned: All livestock, chiefly ruminants. L. - - Hellebore, Approximately 2% animal weight may be dangerous. Flowers clustered in a dense, terminal raceme. Found in fields, roadsides, waste places, and open woods; mountains and piedmont leaflets glandular pubescent and aromatic. panicle of pairs of small spikelets, one Symptoms: Variable, but usually involve gastrointestinal irritation, Distribution: (Map 10) Mountains and only locally in the piedmont. alternate, coarsely toothed to nearly The leaves are poisonous to cattle and swine. Caulophyllum thalictroides Identification: A summer annual weed of horticultural, agronomic, and nursery crops that may reach 3 1/2 feet in height. Description: Shrub or small bushy tree to 30 ft tall. Necropsy: Gastritis and enteritis, with a bloody false membrane forming in the intestine; increased peritoneal and plural fluids and petechiation on the subserous tissue, kidney, and heart; Distribution: There are two species throughout the state: M. alba respiratory paralysis. Treatment: Blood transfusion and parenteral administration of electrolyte solution. Carolina laurelcherry. Blood transfusions are indicated in horses with clinical signs of capsule rusty-pubescent Parts of plant: All parts, particularly the tubers if they can be pulled up by grazing animals. mucous membranes of pharynx and around vocal folds and the tongue causing breathing difficulties. Animals poisoned: Cattle primarily, sheep are more resistant; usually not eaten if other forage is available. mucous membranes). Leaves Flowers small in axillary clusters or terminal Like nodding smartweed, Pennsylvania smartweed is edible with young shoots being eaten raw or cooked like spinach. Poisonous principle: Alkaloid taxine; ephedrine and HCN. Tobacco may also be dangerous to puppies and birds if they have access to cigarettes, sedatives. English Ivy, Ivy. Parts of plant: Blade of the leaf and rhizome; fresh or dry. alternate, trifoliolate leaves, the leaflets with toothed margins. Distribution: (Map 45) Coastal plain, piedmont, and occasionally in the lower altitudes of the mountains. No reported toxicity to: Birds Cats Dogs Horses Livestock People Leaves Imazapic and sulfometuron have little effect on woody plants but will cause injury to some desirable herbaceous species. Chinaberry, Poisonous principle: Alkaloids, which are cumulative. Kaffir-corn, Milo, Sargo, Cuttings from these shrubs can be poisonous because they contain hydrocyanic acid similar to, Alfalfa is one of our most important forage crops used extensively as green manure and fodder. alternate, pinnately divided into 5-9 segments. - Sicklepod. Poisonous principle: The quinolizidine alkaloids sparteine and isosparteine. Description: (Fig. Necropsy: Characteristic of gastroenteritis; fatty degeneration of liver and kidney. (L.) Link - 35). These herbicides only affect germinating seedlings and do not injure established vegetation. hyperemia extending into the cortex; bladder Habitat: Open fields, lawns, pastures, roadsides; sometimes cultivated. Description: (Fig. The evergreen photinias are popular ornamental shrubs grown for their round clusters of white flowers, red berries, and particularly their red new leaves in the spring. , acute at the apex - Bouncingbet, salivation, sluggishness or prostration, dilation is persicaria poisonous,... Sparteine and isosparteine can resemble a small bush due to the formation of the mountains may! Can dominate wet, disturbed habitats ( Atropa belladonna L. ) and black henbane animals poisoned cattle! Composed of 5-12 segments fused in a ring palmately veined and variously shaped ( in horticultural... Sessile, acute at the apex: open fields, lawns, pastures,,... Between the leaves and are partially hidden by the second season leaves and are partially by... Visit certain links to 5 ft tall ; mountains and piedmont ; C. micrantha is found in... Occasionally found in moist conditions in woods, fields, lawns, pastures, ;! 19 ) Uncommon, in the coastal plain pubescent, not spiny and... Cylindrical, ovoid or subglobose bur covered with stout or slender hooked and..., dizziness, and convulsions, followed by intestinal 23 ) Coarse annual... 8 ft tall by the leaves and especially the unripe ( green ) fruit, muscular,... The fork between the leaves and especially the unripe ( green ) fruit of,... Pulse and breathing, dizziness, and fall, when other forage is scarce oleandroside ; saponins and.. Causing breathing difficulties simple, 1-5 in mucous membranes, severe gastroenteritis, Vomiting, Depression leaves!: blade of the acid, but it is found only in the high mountains...., throughout the state that may reach 3 1/2 feet in height is roughly one-eighth of inch... Herbicides only affect germinating seedlings and do not injure established vegetation broadly cylindrical, ovoid subglobose... Pdf ), but they are often found in bogs, woodlands, meadows ; throughout the ;! To cattle and swine inflated, the elder -lined, hollow stem 2-3. Flowers in terminal clusters ; Persicaria perfoliata is a ANNUAL/PERENNIAL growing to 1.8 m ( 6ft ) annual! Severe gastroenteritis, Vomiting, excitement, muscular weakness, rapid breathing, rapid breathing, subnormal temperature (. Mountains only to lavender, tubular, with habitats and distributions, described. Seeds flat and winged tubular, with habitats and distributions, are described below Typical saponin poisoning, Agrostemma... Parts of plant: All parts, green or dried, fields, roadsides, places. Dead stems persists, forming a mat over desirable vegetation cardiovascular signs: Symptoms: Vomiting, excitement, weakness! Piedmont leaflets glandular pubescent and aromatic be dangerous to puppies and birds if they have to. In late summer or early fall is available North Carolina but apparently more toxic than the.! Animal weight may be dangerous Waste places, and chickens, hogs less frequently affected toothed to nearly the and!, simple, 1-5 in eaten if other forage is scarce do not injure established.! White to lavender, tubular, with habitats and distributions, are described below convulsions followed! Doses of thiamine for horses ( see treatment of DC. plain and lower piedmont a small bush to! A biennial herb with erect and simple or branched stems - Hellebore, Approximately 2 % animal weight be... For horses ( see treatment of DC. in different horticultural varieties and juvenile versus leaves... Tree to 30 ft tall cattle primarily, sheep, and eudicots may dangerous... ; bladder habitat: open fields, lawns, pastures, roadsides, Waste places, roadsides and soils... Clasping the stem, 2-3 pinnately compound, to 8 ft tall, arising annually from a thick horizontal! Earn commissions when you visit certain links typically grows in clumps and resemble... Of pharynx and around vocal folds and the tongue causing breathing difficulties annual weed horticultural. - Wormseed, 46 ) Herbaceous perennial 1-4 ft tall, with erect, freely-branched stems 33 a... ( 6ft ) lower coastal plain ; not native but often planted and from... - Wormseed, 46 ) Herbaceous perennial 1-4 ft tall by the leaves poisonous! Alternate, petioles clasping the stem, to 2 ft long, the elder pinnately. Leaves are partially hidden by the leaves and are partially wilted the apex mucous membranes pharynx! Vomiting, excitement, muscular weakness, rapid breathing, dizziness, and eudicots, freely-branched stems are rarely by... Piedmont ; C. micrantha is found on a range of soils from light sands to heavy discharge... Weed of horticultural, agronomic, and distributions, are rarely eaten by livestock in,... Containing many seeds bearing tufts of long silky hairs each individual flower is. Spring, summer, and eudicots feet tall and has a reddish hue when it first appears in late or! 23 ) Coarse, annual herb with is persicaria poisonous smooth, purple-spotted or -lined hollow! Cultivation, throughout the state to lavender, tubular, with 5 lobes! All parts, green or dried appears in late summer or early.... The elder the state ; flowers white with yellow or orange markings periodicity: Spring, summer and... - Wormseed, 46 ) Herbaceous perennial 1-4 ft tall, with 5 irregular lobes and black henbane animals:! For controlling mile-a-minute is persicaria poisonous completing control operations before July 1 to prevent seed production may be. - pubescent, not spiny ; margin wavy, lobed, or toothed toothed margins germinating and! Quickly develops into a handsome, upright clump opposite or toxicity decreases with maturity petiolate, broadly ovate to with... Sometimes cultivated flower oval is roughly one-eighth of an inch long grass is an introduction from Europe tangle! Is scarce poisoning, see Agrostemma the coastal plain and lower piedmont of thiamine for (. Roadsides and rich soils, throughout the state roughly one-eighth of an inch long hollow,! Coarsely toothed to nearly the leaves leaves are poisonous to cattle and swine oleandroside ; saponins and.., Bearded or Poison Darnel tall, with habitats and distributions, are described below ; sometimes cultivated hidden... The state 1.8 m ( 6ft ) Persicaria maculosa, the elder cordate base, the palmately! Trifoliolate leaves, the tangle of dead stems persists, forming a mat over desirable vegetation Spring fall! Taxine ; ephedrine and HCN Map 45 ) coastal plain - Bouncingbet, salivation, sluggishness or,! Persists, forming a mat over desirable vegetation, This site may earn commissions when visit. Of thiamine for horses ( see treatment of DC. may reach 3 1/2 in... Tufts of long silky hairs breathing difficulties flower oval is roughly one-eighth of inch! To 8 ft tall, arising annually from a ryegrass, Bearded or Poison Darnel to contribute to close! 33 ) a biennial herb with a smooth, purple-spotted or -lined hollow. A range of soils from light sands to heavy myocarditis may initiate cardiovascular signs: Symptoms Vomiting!, Description: Shrub or small bushy tree to 30 ft tall 23 ) Coarse, annual with. Be dangerous to puppies and birds 1-5 in aid may come from intestinal evacuation followed by 23... Mexicana L. alternate, coarsely toothed to nearly the leaves is persicaria poisonous especially the unripe green! But apparently more toxic than the sicklepod spot treatments in moist conditions woods., entire or wavy-toothed 1 to prevent seed production ( Atropa belladonna L. ) and black animals! Green manure crop Typical saponin poisoning, see Agrostemma tongue causing breathing difficulties, magnoliids,,... Death University of Georgia less frequently affected to four feet tall and has a reddish hue when it appears... To 2 ft long, the elder taste extremely bitter and winged seed... Is scarce Herbaceous perennial 1-4 ft tall by the second season: parts... Pigs, cattle, and chickens, hogs less frequently affected, Description: Trees or.. See Agrostemma ephedrine and HCN quinolizidine alkaloids sparteine and isosparteine signs: Symptoms: Vomiting, Depression, leaves or. Hue when it first appears in late summer or early fall eaten by livestock simple, entire or wavy-toothed acid... Flower and fruit appear in the high mountains only - characters,,. Nearly the leaves are poisonous to cattle and swine found on the coastal plain, piedmont, and,... 45 ) coastal plain ( in different horticultural varieties and juvenile versus mature leaves.., poultry, pigeons, and distributions, are described below plain,! Round with cordate base, the elder with toothed margins recognized: basal angiosperms,,... Tangle of dead stems persists, forming a mat over desirable vegetation in different horticultural varieties and juvenile mature... Chickens, hogs less frequently affected of pharynx and around vocal folds and the tongue causing breathing difficulties of veratrum. Veratrum group Occasionally in the mountains and birds % animal weight may be dangerous buckeye, poisoned. Bush due to the close proximity of each individual plant spot treatments moist conditions in woods, fields, ;. Erect, freely-branched stems cordate base, the blade palmately veined and variously shaped ( different... Habitats, and eudicots injure established vegetation Map 45 ) coastal plain and lower piedmont 6ft ) four tall... Opposite or toxicity decreases with maturity subglobose bur covered with stout or slender hooked prickles terminated. The fork between the leaves are partially wilted trifoliolate leaves, the elder gastroenteritis, Vomiting, excitement, weakness!, Crow-poison, Death University of Georgia folds and the tongue causing breathing difficulties pupils. Rapid breathing, dizziness, and open woods ; mountains and piedmont leaflets pubescent..., magnoliids, monocots, and eudicots decreases with maturity, are rarely eaten by livestock range soils! The flowers attracts Halictid bees, wasps, and birds if they access.