[50][51] South Korean Marines reportedly perpetrated the H My massacre on 25 February 1968. Reports of casualties vary, but during the 10 days of intense fighting, an estimated 630 North Vietnamese were killed. : 325 6 January. A number of incidents occurred during the war in which civilians were deliberately targeted or killed the most prominent being the Hu Massacre and the M Lai Massacre. Two people were killed and four others were wounded after gunfire erupted at Chickasaw Park in Louisville on Saturday night, authorities said. [14], German historian Bernd Greiner mentions the following war crimes reported and/or investigated by the Peers Commission and the Vietnam War Crimes Working Group, among other sources:[43]. Some are drawn to the Wall like pilgrims to Mecca. In some instances, names needed to be shuffled in order to fit on a line. [61], According to the Vietnamese government's national survey and assessment of war casualties (March 2017), there were 849,018 PAVN military personnel dead, including combat death and non-combat death, from the period between 1960 and 1975. [45], Air force captain, Brian Wilson, who carried out bomb-damage assessments in free-fire zones throughout the delta, saw the results firsthand. Those who argue that the United States won the war point to the fact that the U.S. defeated communist forces during most of Vietnams major battles. During that period, they stated, they lost 849,018 killed plus approximately 232,000 missing and 463,000 wounded. These estimates probably include deaths of Vietnamese soldiers in Laos and Cambodia, but do not include deaths of South Vietnamese and allied soldiers which would add nearly 300,000 for a grand total of 3.4 million military and civilian dead. Volunteer researcher Janna Hoehn, interviewed by Vietnam magazine in March, spearheaded the effort to collect the last 18 names needed to complete the Wall of Faces earlier this year. 805 Kidder Breese Street, SE Others think it is just another tourist stop until they feel the haunting power of this unique work of remembrance. Forces in Southeast Asia, 1950 - 1976 NAID 745 RG, 472, Meritorious Unit Commendations, 1967 - 1971 NAID 4726287 Medal of Honor Awards Case Files, 1965 - ca. A diamond symbol signifies that the service members death was confirmed. Through the years, the memorial has matured and developed into a unique place of tranquility and honor. PAVN and VC losses were reported as 1.1 million dead and civilian deaths of Vietnamese on both sides totaled 2.0 million. "[56] Investigations by Korean civic groups have alleged that at least 9,000 civilians were massacred by ROK forces. This resulted in a dramatic decrease in the proportion of black casualties, and by late 1967, black casualties had fallen to 13%, and were below 10% in 1970 to 1972. Updated on: April 16, 2023 / 7:27 PM / CBS News. According to the United Nations High Commission for Refugees, between 200,000 and 400,000 boat people died at sea. The nation's latest mass shooting happened in Dadeville, Alabama . [26], RJ Rummel estimated that American forces killed around 5,500 people in democide between 1960 and 1972, from a range of between 4,000 and 10,000. Inscribed dots in the margins of every other panel mark every 10 lines to aid in counting. The Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History By Spencer C. Tucker ", Viet Cong and Peoples Army of Vietnam use of terror in the Vietnam War, Provisional Revolutionary Government of South Vietnam, United Nations High Commission for Refugees, Vietnamese Casualties During the American War: A New Estimate, "Fifty years of violent war deaths from Vietnam to Bosnia: analysis of data from the world health survey programme", "20 Years After Victory, Vietnamese Communists Ponder How to Celebrate", http://www.pcr.uu.se/research/ucdp/datasets/ucdp_prio_armed_conflict_dataset/, http://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a032189.pdf, Countering Terrorism and Insurgency in the 21st Century, Final Solutions: Mass Killing and Genocide in the 20th Century. [36][37][38][39] The My Lai Massacre was initially written off as an operational success and covered up. [91] Around 3035% of American deaths in the war were non-combat or friendly fire deaths; the largest causes of death in the U.S. armed forces were small arms fire (31.8%), booby traps including mines and frags (27.4%), and aircraft crashes (14.7%). Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). 1:50. Necessarily, more is lost to time than is remembered. Search and destroy was a term to describe operations aimed at flushing the Viet Cong out of hiding, while body count was the measuring stick for operation success and this resulted in exaggeration and listing civilian deaths as enemy KIA. [62][63] Based on unit surveys, a rough estimate of 3040% of dead and missing were non-combat deaths. However, from a constitutional perspective, this conflict did not technically count as a war. CNN's Victor Blackwell has more on the latest. The Wall That Heals has a large-screen TV and slideshow, Hoehn said. However, there have been no such cases. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C. has the names listed in chronological order by date of loss. Together, we can make sure our heroes will get the reverence they deserve and the stories and sacrifices of our heroes will never be forgotten. [33][34] The United States government has challenged these figures as being unreliable. The National Archives has custody of a wide assortment of both textual documents and electronic records related to the Vietnam conflict. Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War: A Political, Social, and Military History. If a service member were to return alive, a circlethe symbol of lifewould be inscribed around the plus sign. Quantico, VA 22134. Vietnam emerged from the war as a potent military power within Southeast Asia, but its agriculture, business, and industry were disrupted, large parts of its countryside were scarred by bombs and defoliation and laced with land mines, and its cities and towns were heavily damaged. Although North Vietnamese and Viet Cong casualty counts vary wildly, it is generally understood that they suffered several times the number of American casualties. Operational Archives Branch "It was the epitome of immoralityOne of the times I counted bodies after an air strikewhich always ended with two napalm bombs which would just fry everything that was leftI counted sixty-two bodies. Rummel does not give a medium or high estimate. Chapter 14: "The cease-fire war claimed 26,500 ARVN dead in 1973, and almost 30,000 in 1974. The Vietnam War was a long, costly and divisive conflict that pitted the communist government of North Vietnam against South Vietnam and its principal ally, the United States. For weeks and weeks, a team worked through the list, verifying spellings and ensuring that the computer printout that was to be used for the stenciling was correct. These Vietnam War photos taken by U.S. Army photographers reveal a side of the conflict that few people have ever seen. The Vietnamese newspaper Nhn Dn reported in 2012 that the U.S. government was providing $41 million to the project, which aimed to reduce the contamination level in 73,000 m of soil by late 2016. Under the cover of monsoon rains the Vietcong (VC) 409th Battalion attacked the 1st Battalion, 7th Marines at Firebase Ross with mortars and sappers . In 1975 South Vietnam fell to a full-scale invasion by the North. (in PDF format, sorted alphabetically by last name of casualty) American Samoa Guam Puerto Rico Virgin Islands Canal Zone Alabama / Alaska / Arizona / Arkansas / California / Colorado / Connecticut / Delaware / Florida / Georgia / Hawaii / Idaho / Illinois / Indiana / Iowa / Kansas / Kentucky / Louisiana / Maine / Maryland / Massachusetts / Michigan / Minnesota / No single persons service or sacrifice would be any greater than anyone elses. In 1964 an Ohio woman took up the challenge that had led to Amelia Earharts disappearance. Estimates can include both civilian and military deaths in North and South Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. [4] In 1982 the Vietnam Veterans Memorial was dedicated in Washington, D.C., inscribed with the names of 57,939 members of U.S. armed forces who had died or were missing as a result of the war. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C., lists more than 58,300 names of members of the U.S. armed forces who were killed or went missing in action. I respect the process, but it can be hard to prove something thats in your heart., Thats what makes it so special when you see the name going up, she added. The vision of VVMF is to ensure a society in which all who have served and sacrificed in our nation's Armed Forces are properly honored and receive the recognition they justly deserve. The chronological order allows veterans who were in a battle to see their friends forever united on the Wall, he explained. [40][37] Sometimes civilian casualties from airstrikes or artillery barrages against villages were reported as "enemies killed". Our 9 best-selling history titles feature in-depth storytelling and iconic imagery to engage and inform on the people, the wars, and the events that shaped America and the world. When he later read the official tally of dead, he found that it listed them as 130 VC killed. Zita is the editor of both Military History Quarterly and Vietnam Magazine. The 'shameful gamesmanship' practiced by 'certain reporting elements' under pressure to 'produce results' also shrouded the process. Omissions? The names on the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, better known as the Wall, will no longer stand alone. The study came up with a most likely Vietnamese death toll of 882,000, which included 655,000 adult males (above 15 years of age), 143,000 adult females, and 84,000 children. The Memorial is dedicated to honor the courage . Washington, DC 20374-5060, For records relating to U.S. national war policy, information may be found in, Vietnam War Casualty and POW/MIA Records Descriptions, Vietnam War Fatal Casualty Statistics (U. S. Armed Forces Personnel), State Lists of U. S. Fatal Casualties of the Vietnam War, Electronic Data Records Relating to Military Objectives and Activities During the Vietnam War, Search Selected Vietnam War Electronic Records, RG 472 United States Forces in Southeast Asia, 1950-1975, Office of Civil Operations and Rural Support (CORDS), Marine Corps Command Chronologies for the Vietnam War, Records Relating to American Prisoners of War and Missing in Action from the Vietnam War Era, 1960-1994, RG 335 Office of the Secretary of the Army, RG 341, Records of the U.S. Air Force Staff, RG 342, Records of U.S. Air Force Commands, Activities, and Organizations, RG 340, Records of the Office of the Secretary of the Navy, RG 27 Records of the Marine Corps - Command Chronologies (Entry UD-07D 1), RG 24 Records of the Bureau of Naval Personnel, RG 218 Records of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, RG 330 Records of the Office of the Secretary of Defense. Congress authorized troop deployment in Vietnam, but, because it did not issue a declaration of war on North Vietnam or the Viet Cong, the Vietnam War is, technically speaking, not considered a war in the United States. U.S. casualties were listed as 72 killed and 372 wounded. The State of Indiana, Vietnam casualties list by county : list of names reported from Jan. 1, 1961 thru Mar. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial stands as a symbol of America's honor and recognition of the men and women who served and sacrificed their lives in the Vietnam War. The personnel diaries include lists of officers in addition to the enlisted personnel. The National Archives has custody of U.S. Marine Corps command chronologies during the Vietnam era and some other records for Vietnam. Count down from the top of the panel. Doubek was tasked with identifying all of the names to be included on the Wall. Many black men who had previously been ineligible could now be drafted, along with many poor and racially intolerant white men from the southern states. The killed in action figure comes from "Special Subject 4: The Work of Locating and Recovering the Remains of Martyrs From Now Until 2020 And Later Years," downloaded from the Vietnamese government website datafile on 1 December 2017. from Johns Hopkins and his MA and Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Another potential limitation is the relatively small sample size of the study. The human costs of the long conflict were harsh for all involved. [15][16][17] Walter Mead estimates that approximately 365,000 Vietnamese civilians to have died as a result of the war during the period of American involvement. [99][100] In 2012 alone, unexploded ordnance and claimed 500 casualties in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia, according to activists and Vietnamese government databases. They went to the grave, where Salois placed a single red . Authority Record - NARA Records of the U.S. The most comprehensive and authoritative history site on the Internet. Whether or not there is any family whatsoever, each mans life was important and we want to honor him., I am thrilled beyond words that the project is completed, Hoehn said. [29] American bombing in Cambodia is estimated to have killed between 30,000 and 150,000 civilians and combatants. At the heart of the conflict was the desire of North Vietnam, which had defeated the French colonial administration of Vietnam in 1954, to unify the entire country under a single communist regime modeled after those of the Soviet Union and China. [20] About 130 American and 16,000 South Vietnamese POWs died in captivity. Casualties fluctuated considerably from year to year, but a degree of accuracy can be inferred from the fact that 500,000 was 59 percent of the 849,018 total and that 59 percent of the war's days had passed by the time of Fallaci's conversation with Giap. These numbers are not official statistics and are for informational purposes only. Corrections? He further suggests that 222,000 civilians may have been counted as enemy military deaths by the U.S. in compiling its "body count" raising the total to 627,000 killed. These records were transferred into the custody of the National Archives and Records Administration in 2008. Data for deaths in Laos is incomplete. In Qung Nam Province 4,700 civilians were killed in 1969. Those who argue that the United States opponents won the war cite the United States overall objectives and outcomes. And there would be nothing to denote service or rank. Compounding these difficulties was the issue that many casualties, particularly from the Air Force, were not always straightforward in terms of locale. Shelby L. Stanton, 'The Rise and Fall of an American Army,' Spa Books, 1989, xvi. In order to have your name on the Wall, you had to have died within the war zone, explained Doubek. Department of Veterans Affairs BIRLS Death File, 1850-2010: see the "National Cemeteries and Beneficiaries" section below. Subscribe to our HistoryNet Now! [3], A 1995 demographic study in Population and Development Review calculated 791,0001,141,000 war-related Vietnamese deaths, both soldiers and civilians, for all of Vietnam from 196575. The U.S. Constitution grants Congress sole authority to issue declarations of war. DADEVILLE, Ala. (WSFA) - Four teens are dead and 28 were injured after a sweet-16 birthday party ended in gunfire Saturday night. No estimate given for deaths caused by Viet Cong/North Vietnam (195475). We were tickled to death," Raymond Klug told Milkovits. Significant numbers resettled in the United States, Canada, Italy, Australia, France, West Germany, and the United Kingdom. [72], The Phoenix Program, a counterinsurgency program executed by the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), United States special operations forces, and the Republic of Vietnam's security apparatus, killed 26,369 suspected of being VC operatives and informants. The mission of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund (VVMF) is to honor and preserve the legacy of service and educate all generations about the impact of the Vietnam War. According to a 2009 study, one third of land in the central provinces of Vietnam is still contaminated with unexploded mines and ordnance. [57], The ARVN suffered 254,256 recorded combat deaths between 1960 and 1974, with the highest number of recorded deaths being in 1972, with 39,587 combat deaths. "Making More Enemies than We Kill? Ho Khang, ed, Marilyn Young. [98], Unexploded ordnance continue to detonate and kill people today. He tried to make the best call he could when adding names to the list. The American Folklife Center of the Library of Congress sponsors the Veterans History Project, which includes detailed first-hand accounts of war experiences, including those of Vietnam veterans. Unit histories and supporting documents of Air Force units are in the custody of the Air Force Historical Research Agency, Maxwell Air Force Base, AL. The USSR built more than 11,000 of these airplanes. Kennedy was assassinated in 1963, but his successor, Lyndon B. Johnson, continued the work that Kennedy had started. Vietnam Casualties by State and City or Town This gallery lists the complete Vietnam War casualty files by State. Please Note: These records have not been processed and almost all are still classified. His life mattered. [24] Benjamin Valentino estimates 110,000310,000 deaths as a "possible case" of "counter-guerrilla mass killings" by U.S. and South Vietnamese forces during the war. We are still looking for better-quality photos for several thousand of the men, Hoehn told Vietnam magazine. Among other countries that fought for South Vietnam, South Korea had more than 4,000 dead, Thailand about 350, Australia more than 500, and New Zealand some three dozen. Washington Navy Yard U.S. Navy action reports and war diaries for the Vietnam conflict are in the custody of the Naval History and Heritage Command. Australia deployed over 60,000 servicemen and women to the conflict in Vietnam between 1962 and 1975; Australians served between 1962 and 1973, and again for a brief period in 1975. The study's authors stated that methodological limitations of the study include imbalance between rural and urban areas and the potential exclusion of high mortality areas. Chronological order by date of casualty allows friends and family members to pick out their loved one from all of the others with the same name. Salois was the first soldier from their unit to call the Klugs. In some cases, the researchers found, the project did even more. The Vietnam Conflict Extract Data File of the Defense Casualty Analysis System (DCAS) Extract Files contains records of 58,220 U.S. military fatal casualties of the Vietnam War. The names of those who gave their lives and of those who remain missing are inscribed in the order they were taken from us. Long before the Vietnam conflict had ended, the "Huey" (its original Army designation was HU-1A, for Helicopter, Utility, Model 1A) was probably the most recognizable helicopter in the world. Their names, however, have been removed from the printed Directory of Names. [95] Of the 27 million draft-age men between 1964 and 1973, 40% were drafted into military service, and only 10% were actually sent to Vietnam. State-Level Lists of Fatal Casualties of the Korean War (6/28/1950 - 3/10/1954) and the Vietnam War (6/8/1956 - 5/28/2006) Korean War State-Level Fatal Casualty Lists sorted Alphabetically by Last Name Vietnam War State-Level Fatal Casualty Lists sorted Alphabetically by Last Name Political turbulence there and two alleged North Vietnamese attacks on U.S. naval vessels spurred Johnson to demand the passage of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution in 1964. The South Vietnamese government, on the other hand, fought to preserve a Vietnam more closely aligned with the West. [26] The program resulted in an estimated 26,000 to 41,000 killed, with an unknown number possibly being innocent civilians. This group was made up almost entirely of either working-class or rural youth. Thus, there were 211,455 killed and wounded, or one in every 10 Americans who served in Vietnam. Reveal a side of the names of those who gave their lives and of those who missing. 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